ERA Knowledge Graph
The ERA Knowledge Graph is the RDF publication of the European Union Agency for Railways' Register of Infrastructure (RINF) and related registers, released as linked open data since 2021. It describes the European railway network as a graph of operational points, sections of line, tracks, tunnels, sidings, and platforms, together with the interoperability parameters attached to them, including load capability, maximum permitted speed, gauging and gradient profiles, braking systems, energy supply and contact line systems, train detection systems, and authorized vehicle types, with geospatial location data organized by EU member state. Source data supplied by infrastructure managers and national registration entities is converted to RDF using RML mappings. The graph is formalized by the ERA Vocabulary (ERA Ontology), which carries roughly 76 classes, 600 properties, 52 annotation properties, and more than 80 SKOS concept schemes for coded parameter values, and is accompanied by SHACL shapes used for validation. Entities are minted in the http://data.europa.eu/949/ namespace. The graph is served from a public GraphDB deployment and dumped periodically to Zenodo; the infrastructure repository held roughly 53.7 million triples when checked in August 2026.
[{"category": "Organization", "contact_details": [{"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://www.era.europa.eu/agency/contact-us_en"}, {"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://rinf.data.era.europa.eu/"}], "label": "European Union Agency for Railways"}]
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Companion repositories on the same deployment hold the ERA ontology itself (OWL, SKOS, and SHACL) and references to railway legislation.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.sparql", "is_public": true, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph SPARQL Endpoint (RINF+)", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://graph.data.era.europa.eu/repositories/rinf-plus"}, {"category": "ProgrammingInterface", "description": "SPARQL API path documented with the Agency's data releases as the public query interface to the RINF knowledge graph.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.api", "is_public": true, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph SPARQL API", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://rinf.data.era.europa.eu/api/v1/sparql/rinf", "warnings": ["Checked on 2026-08-06: this path returned HTTP 500 with the message \"SPARQL upstream returned 500\". The GraphDB endpoint at graph.data.era.europa.eu answered the same queries successfully, so this appears to be a fault in the API layer rather than in the graph."]}, {"category": "GraphicalInterface", "description": "GraphDB workbench for the Agency's linked data deployment, exposing the RINF+, ERA ontology, and legislation repositories for interactive exploration and query.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.graphdb", "name": "ERA GraphDB Workbench", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://graph.data.era.europa.eu/"}, {"category": "GraphicalInterface", "description": "RINF linked data portal, the Agency's entry point for the infrastructure knowledge graph, with documentation of the data model and access paths.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.portal", "name": "RINF Linked Data Portal", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://rinf.data.era.europa.eu/"}, {"category": "GraphProduct", "description": "Periodic full dump of the infrastructure knowledge graph, archived on Zenodo under a versioned series with a concept DOI covering all releases. The most recent release identified is v9.0 of 2026-06-29, a 3.75 GB TriG file (rinfplus.trig); earlier releases were compressed N-Quads. The edge count recorded here is the triple count reported by the live RINF+ repository on 2026-08-06.", "edge_count": 53716816, "format": "trig", "id": "era-kg.dump", "latest_version": "v9.0", "license": {"id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "label": "CC BY 4.0"}, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph Dump", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14605743"}, {"category": "OntologyProduct", "description": "The ERA Vocabulary (ERA Ontology), defined by the European Union Agency for Railways to describe European railway infrastructure and the vehicles authorized to operate over it. 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{"activity_status": "active", "category": "KnowledgeGraph", "contacts": [{"category": "Organization", "contact_details": [{"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://www.era.europa.eu/agency/contact-us_en"}, {"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://rinf.data.era.europa.eu/"}], "label": "European Union Agency for Railways"}], "creation_date": "2026-08-06T00:00:00Z", "description": "The ERA Knowledge Graph is the RDF publication of the European Union Agency for Railways' Register of Infrastructure (RINF) and related registers, released as linked open data since 2021. It describes the European railway network as a graph of operational points, sections of line, tracks, tunnels, sidings, and platforms, together with the interoperability parameters attached to them, including load capability, maximum permitted speed, gauging and gradient profiles, braking systems, energy supply and contact line systems, train detection systems, and authorized vehicle types, with geospatial location data organized by EU member state. Source data supplied by infrastructure managers and national registration entities is converted to RDF using RML mappings. The graph is formalized by the ERA Vocabulary (ERA Ontology), which carries roughly 76 classes, 600 properties, 52 annotation properties, and more than 80 SKOS concept schemes for coded parameter values, and is accompanied by SHACL shapes used for validation. Entities are minted in the http://data.europa.eu/949/ namespace. The graph is served from a public GraphDB deployment and dumped periodically to Zenodo; the infrastructure repository held roughly 53.7 million triples when checked in August 2026.", "domains": ["transportation"], "homepage_url": "https://www.era.europa.eu/domains/registers/era-knowlege-graph_en", "id": "era-kg", "last_modified_date": "2026-08-06T00:00:00Z", "layout": "resource_detail", "license": {"id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "label": "CC BY 4.0", "logo": "http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/buttons/80x15/png/by.png"}, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph", "products": [{"category": "ProgrammingInterface", "description": "Public SPARQL endpoint over the RINF+ repository, the infrastructure graph expressed with the ERA Ontology 3.1.x model, served from the Agency's GraphDB deployment. Verified queryable on 2026-08-06, when the repository reported 53,716,816 triples. Companion repositories on the same deployment hold the ERA ontology itself (OWL, SKOS, and SHACL) and references to railway legislation.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.sparql", "is_public": true, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph SPARQL Endpoint (RINF+)", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://graph.data.era.europa.eu/repositories/rinf-plus"}, {"category": "ProgrammingInterface", "description": "SPARQL API path documented with the Agency's data releases as the public query interface to the RINF knowledge graph.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.api", "is_public": true, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph SPARQL API", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://rinf.data.era.europa.eu/api/v1/sparql/rinf", "warnings": ["Checked on 2026-08-06: this path returned HTTP 500 with the message \"SPARQL upstream returned 500\". The GraphDB endpoint at graph.data.era.europa.eu answered the same queries successfully, so this appears to be a fault in the API layer rather than in the graph."]}, {"category": "GraphicalInterface", "description": "GraphDB workbench for the Agency's linked data deployment, exposing the RINF+, ERA ontology, and legislation repositories for interactive exploration and query.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.graphdb", "name": "ERA GraphDB Workbench", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://graph.data.era.europa.eu/"}, {"category": "GraphicalInterface", "description": "RINF linked data portal, the Agency's entry point for the infrastructure knowledge graph, with documentation of the data model and access paths.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.portal", "name": "RINF Linked Data Portal", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://rinf.data.era.europa.eu/"}, {"category": "GraphProduct", "description": "Periodic full dump of the infrastructure knowledge graph, archived on Zenodo under a versioned series with a concept DOI covering all releases. The most recent release identified is v9.0 of 2026-06-29, a 3.75 GB TriG file (rinfplus.trig); earlier releases were compressed N-Quads. The edge count recorded here is the triple count reported by the live RINF+ repository on 2026-08-06.", "edge_count": 53716816, "format": "trig", "id": "era-kg.dump", "latest_version": "v9.0", "license": {"id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "label": "CC BY 4.0"}, "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph Dump", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14605743"}, {"category": "OntologyProduct", "description": "The ERA Vocabulary (ERA Ontology), defined by the European Union Agency for Railways to describe European railway infrastructure and the vehicles authorized to operate over it. It carries roughly 76 classes, 600 properties, and 52 annotation properties, along with more than 80 SKOS concept schemes for coded parameter values, and is distributed with SHACL shapes for validating conforming data.", "format": "owl", "id": "era-kg.ontology", "name": "ERA Vocabulary (ERA Ontology)", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://data-interop.era.europa.eu/era-vocabulary/", "repository": "https://gitlab.com/era-europa-eu/public/interoperable-data-programme/era-ontology/era-ontology"}, {"category": "ProcessProduct", "description": "RML mapping definitions used to generate the ERA Knowledge Graph from the source RINF data supplied by infrastructure managers and national registration entities.", "format": "ttl", "id": "era-kg.mappings", "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph RML Mappings", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://gitlab.com/era-europa-eu/public/interoperable-data-programme/era-ontology/era-kg-mappings", "repository": "https://gitlab.com/era-europa-eu/public/interoperable-data-programme/era-ontology/era-kg-mappings"}, {"category": "DocumentationProduct", "description": "The Agency's ERA Knowledge Graph page, with a catalogue of curated SPARQL queries organized by infrastructure type, covering parameter completeness, infrastructure statistics, and comparisons between member states.", "format": "http", "id": "era-kg.documentation", "name": "ERA Knowledge Graph Documentation and Query Catalogue", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "era-kg"}], "product_url": "https://www.era.europa.eu/domains/registers/era-knowlege-graph_en"}], "publications": [{"authors": ["Toledo J", "Do\u00f1a D", "Ruckhaus E", "Corcho O", "Aguado M", "Patru D", "Atemezing G", "Vasilopoulou P"], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-032-09530-5_23", "id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09530-5_23", "journal": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "preferred": true, "title": "Using Semantic Technologies in the Railway Domain: The Register of Infrastructure (RINF) System", "year": "2026"}], "repository": "https://gitlab.com/era-europa-eu/public/interoperable-data-programme/era-ontology", "synonyms": ["ERA-KG", "ERA RINF Knowledge Graph", "EU Rail Knowledge Graph"], "warnings": ["\"ERA\" here is the European Union Agency for Railways, not the European Research Area. This graph describes railway infrastructure. For European research projects, organizations, and funding, see the EURIO Knowledge Graph and the EU Knowledge Graph."]}