COURAGE Knowledge Graph
The COURAGE knowledge graph is the linked data registry produced by the COURAGE project (Cultural Opposition - Understanding the Cultural Heritage of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries). It describes public and private collections documenting cultural opposition under socialism, roughly 1950 to 1990, across the member and candidate states of the European Union that were part of the former socialist bloc. Alongside collections it describes persons, person roles, organizations, groups, events, and featured collection items, covering material such as dissident literature, samizdat and other unofficial publications, underground music scenes, avant-garde art, and religious and civic movements. Content was contributed by researchers from more than fifteen countries, and descriptions are held simultaneously in fifteen languages, which the project cited as a motivation for its RDF-based design. The schema is the COURAGE Ontology, published in OWL; a separate effort re-expressed the dataset in CIDOC-CRM and validated the conversion with SPARQL and SHACL, and another linked COURAGE entities to Wikidata.
[{"category": "Individual", "contact_details": [{"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://sztaki.hun-ren.hu/en/science/services/courage-knowledge-graph"}], "label": "Andr\u00e1s Micsik"}, {"category": "Organization", "contact_details": [{"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://cultural-opposition.eu/"}], "label": "COURAGE Project Consortium"}]
[{"category": "GraphicalInterface", "description": "The COURAGE registry web interface, providing browsable and searchable access to collections, persons, organizations, groups, events, and featured items, with descriptions available in multiple languages.", "format": "http", "id": "courage.registry", "name": "COURAGE Registry", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "https://cultural-opposition.eu/registry/"}, {"category": "GraphProduct", "description": "Open data release of the COURAGE registry as linked data, covering collections, featured items, groups, organizations, and persons. Published as a Zenodo archive of RDF data, version 1.1 dated 2019-07-12.", "format": "rdfxml", "id": "courage.dump", "latest_version": "1.1", "license": {"id": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/", "label": "ODC-By 1.0"}, "name": "COURAGE Registry Open Dataset", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3333540", "versions": ["1.0", "1.1"]}, {"category": "ProgrammingInterface", "description": "SPARQL endpoint over the COURAGE triple store, historically served from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences infrastructure. The project reported that the graph database and SPARQL made it practical to express complex queries over the registry and to manage descriptions in fifteen languages at once.", "format": "http", "id": "courage.sparql", "is_public": true, "name": "COURAGE SPARQL Endpoint", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "http://courage.btk.mta.hu:3030/courage/query", "warnings": ["Checked on 2026-08-06: the documented endpoint path returned HTTP 404. The endpoint may have moved or been retired following the reorganization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences research network (MTA to HUN-REN). Use the Zenodo data dump instead, or contact SZTAKI for current access."]}, {"category": "OntologyProduct", "description": "The COURAGE Ontology, the schema of the COURAGE registry, published as an OWL file. It models collections, collection items, persons and their roles, groups, organizations, and events in the domain of cultural opposition.", "format": "owl", "id": "courage.ontology", "name": "COURAGE Ontology", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "warnings": ["A stable public URL for the OWL file was not located when this entry was created on 2026-08-06. The ontology is described in the project publications and was distributed with the registry."]}, {"category": "DocumentationProduct", "description": "Service page for the COURAGE knowledge graph at HUN-REN SZTAKI, the institute that built and hosted the graph, summarizing its contents and technical basis.", "format": "http", "id": "courage.sztaki-page", "name": "COURAGE Knowledge Graph Service Page (SZTAKI)", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "https://sztaki.hun-ren.hu/en/science/services/courage-knowledge-graph"}]
{"activity_status": "orphaned", "category": "KnowledgeGraph", "contacts": [{"category": "Individual", "contact_details": [{"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://sztaki.hun-ren.hu/en/science/services/courage-knowledge-graph"}], "label": "Andr\u00e1s Micsik"}, {"category": "Organization", "contact_details": [{"contact_type": "url", "value": "https://cultural-opposition.eu/"}], "label": "COURAGE Project Consortium"}], "creation_date": "2026-08-06T00:00:00Z", "description": "The COURAGE knowledge graph is the linked data registry produced by the COURAGE project (Cultural Opposition - Understanding the Cultural Heritage of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries). It describes public and private collections documenting cultural opposition under socialism, roughly 1950 to 1990, across the member and candidate states of the European Union that were part of the former socialist bloc. Alongside collections it describes persons, person roles, organizations, groups, events, and featured collection items, covering material such as dissident literature, samizdat and other unofficial publications, underground music scenes, avant-garde art, and religious and civic movements. Content was contributed by researchers from more than fifteen countries, and descriptions are held simultaneously in fifteen languages, which the project cited as a motivation for its RDF-based design. The schema is the COURAGE Ontology, published in OWL; a separate effort re-expressed the dataset in CIDOC-CRM and validated the conversion with SPARQL and SHACL, and another linked COURAGE entities to Wikidata.", "domains": ["humanities and cultural heritage"], "homepage_url": "https://cultural-opposition.eu/", "id": "courage", "last_modified_date": "2026-08-06T00:00:00Z", "layout": "resource_detail", "license": {"id": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/", "label": "ODC-By 1.0"}, "name": "COURAGE Knowledge Graph", "products": [{"category": "GraphicalInterface", "description": "The COURAGE registry web interface, providing browsable and searchable access to collections, persons, organizations, groups, events, and featured items, with descriptions available in multiple languages.", "format": "http", "id": "courage.registry", "name": "COURAGE Registry", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "https://cultural-opposition.eu/registry/"}, {"category": "GraphProduct", "description": "Open data release of the COURAGE registry as linked data, covering collections, featured items, groups, organizations, and persons. Published as a Zenodo archive of RDF data, version 1.1 dated 2019-07-12.", "format": "rdfxml", "id": "courage.dump", "latest_version": "1.1", "license": {"id": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/", "label": "ODC-By 1.0"}, "name": "COURAGE Registry Open Dataset", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3333540", "versions": ["1.0", "1.1"]}, {"category": "ProgrammingInterface", "description": "SPARQL endpoint over the COURAGE triple store, historically served from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences infrastructure. The project reported that the graph database and SPARQL made it practical to express complex queries over the registry and to manage descriptions in fifteen languages at once.", "format": "http", "id": "courage.sparql", "is_public": true, "name": "COURAGE SPARQL Endpoint", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "http://courage.btk.mta.hu:3030/courage/query", "warnings": ["Checked on 2026-08-06: the documented endpoint path returned HTTP 404. The endpoint may have moved or been retired following the reorganization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences research network (MTA to HUN-REN). Use the Zenodo data dump instead, or contact SZTAKI for current access."]}, {"category": "OntologyProduct", "description": "The COURAGE Ontology, the schema of the COURAGE registry, published as an OWL file. It models collections, collection items, persons and their roles, groups, organizations, and events in the domain of cultural opposition.", "format": "owl", "id": "courage.ontology", "name": "COURAGE Ontology", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "warnings": ["A stable public URL for the OWL file was not located when this entry was created on 2026-08-06. The ontology is described in the project publications and was distributed with the registry."]}, {"category": "DocumentationProduct", "description": "Service page for the COURAGE knowledge graph at HUN-REN SZTAKI, the institute that built and hosted the graph, summarizing its contents and technical basis.", "format": "http", "id": "courage.sztaki-page", "name": "COURAGE Knowledge Graph Service Page (SZTAKI)", "original_source": [{"relation_type": "prov:hadPrimarySource", "source": "courage"}], "product_url": "https://sztaki.hun-ren.hu/en/science/services/courage-knowledge-graph"}], "publications": [{"authors": ["Faraj G", "Micsik A"], "doi": "10.3390/fi13110277", "id": "doi:10.3390/fi13110277", "journal": "Future Internet", "preferred": true, "title": "Representing and Validating Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graphs in CIDOC-CRM Ontology", "year": "2021"}, {"authors": ["Faraj G", "Micsik A"], "doi": "10.1007/978-3-030-36599-8_37", "id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36599-8_37", "journal": "Communications in Computer and Information Science", "title": "Enriching Wikidata with Cultural Heritage Data from the COURAGE Project", "year": "2019"}], "synonyms": ["COURAGE", "COURAGE Registry", "Cultural Opposition: Understanding the Cultural Heritage of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries"], "warnings": ["The COURAGE project ran from February 2016 to January 2019 and the graph is no longer actively extended. The registry interface and the archived data dump remain available, but the documented SPARQL endpoint did not respond when checked on 2026-08-06."]}